All 195 countries · Eastern Asia
China
China requires real-name Resident ID cards and, since 15 July 2025, runs a voluntary national internet ID. The digital yuan (e-CNY) is open to the public with 230 million personal wallets and became interest-bearing in January 2026. China is not pushing back on WHO or UN rules.
Digital ID · Goal 16.9
Digital ID in China
- Program
- Resident Identity Card; National Network Identity Authentication (internet ID)
- Status
- Mandatory for daily life
- National ID card
- ID card compulsory
- Biometrics
- Yes
- Law
- Measures on the Management of National Online Identity Authentication Public Service (effective 15 July 2025); Resident Identity Card Law (2011 amendment)
The Resident ID card, with a chip and photo, has been compulsory for citizens since 2013 and is needed for banking and internet cafes. The internet ID gives users an online number and certificate and requires a face scan to register. It is voluntary and had about 6 million active users in the reported figures. Rights groups ARTICLE 19 and Chinese Human Rights Defenders criticised the draft in 2024 as a tool to restrict online speech.
Digital money · Goal 8.10
Central bank digital currency
- Status
- Launched
- Name
- e-CNY
By December 2025 the e-CNY had 3.48 billion transactions worth 16.7 trillion yuan and 230 million personal wallets. In January 2026 it became the first interest-bearing CBDC. It also runs on the mBridge cross-border platform.
On the record
What has happened, newest first
- 2026-01Rolling it out
The e-CNY became interest-bearing. Human Rights Foundation CBDC Tracker — China ↗
- 2025-12Rolling it out
The central bank reported 230 million personal e-CNY wallets. Human Rights Foundation CBDC Tracker — China ↗
- 2025-07-15Rolling it out
The national online identity authentication measures took effect. SEAP (Nationality for All) — China digital ID overview ↗
- 2024-07-26Rolling it out
A draft internet ID measure was released and over 80 apps began trials. ARTICLE 19 — China: Draft internet ID measure ↗
UN and WHO
How China has voted
- WHO
- Accepted the 2024 rule changes
- Pandemic Agreement (May 2025)
- No recorded objection
- Migration compact (Dec 2018)
- Voted yes
- Paris climate deal
- Party
- SDG Index 2026
- 74.7 · rank 49 of 169
- Progress reports to the UN (VNRs)
- 2
Sovereignty score
How the -5 adds up
- -2Launched a CBDC to the public source ↗
- -2Digital ID required for banking, phones or daily life source ↗
- -1Prices carbon nationally (tax or emissions trading) source ↗
Points come only from public, sourced actions we track, scored the same way for every country. It isn't a grade of a whole government. How scoring works →
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Country research checked Oct 2026. Tracker data checked 11 Oct 2026. Every claim links to its source.