All 195 countries · Northern Europe

Estonia

1.4 million people · EU member

Estonia's ID card and eID are compulsory and used for nearly all public and banking services. A national EU wallet is being procured, with a May 2026 tender, and will stay voluntary alongside the ID card. As a euro-area member it falls under the digital euro project.

-4Sovereignty scoreDeep inHow it adds up ↓

Digital ID · Goal 16.9

Digital ID in Estonia

Program
ID-kaart; Mobiil-ID; Smart-ID; planned EUDI wallet
Status
Used by most adults
National ID card
ID card compulsory
Biometrics
Yes
Law
EU Regulation 2024/1183

The state IT agency RIA launched a tender on 18 May 2026 for a provider to build and run the EU wallet. The wallet does not replace the ID card or Mobile-ID, is voluntary and is generally free. Public services must accept EU wallets from end 2026 and some regulated private firms from end 2027. A minimum viable product is planned for end 2026 or early 2027.

Digital money · Goal 8.10

Central bank digital currency

Status
In development
Name
Digital euro

Euro-area member. The ECB says it is preparing a possible first issuance during 2029, with a pilot planned for 2027, and assumes EU law is adopted in 2026. The European Parliament voted on 9 July 2026 to open talks with the Council; no final law is confirmed.

On the record

What has happened, newest first

  1. 2026-07-09Rolling it out

    The European Parliament voted 416 to 169 to open talks with the Council on the digital euro law. Sofia Globe — European Parliament votes to open negotiations on the digital euro ↗

  2. 2026-05-18Rolling it out

    RIA announced a procurement to find a service provider for the Estonian EU Digital Identity Wallet. RIA — EUDI Wallet ↗

UN and WHO

How Estonia has voted

WHO
Accepted the 2024 rule changes
Pandemic Agreement (May 2025)
No recorded objection
Migration compact (Dec 2018)
Voted yes
Paris climate deal
Party
SDG Index 2026
81.8 · rank 12 of 169
Progress reports to the UN (VNRs)
3

Sovereignty score

How the -4 adds up

  • -1Building a CBDC (development stage) source ↗
  • -1Government digital ID used by most adults source ↗
  • -1Must offer an EU digital ID wallet by Dec 2026 source ↗
  • -1Prices carbon nationally (tax or emissions trading) source ↗

Points come only from public, sourced actions we track, scored the same way for every country. It isn't a grade of a whole government. How scoring works →

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Country research checked Oct 2026. Tracker data checked 11 Oct 2026. Every claim links to its source.